Certified Ambulatory Perianesthesia Nurse (CAPA) Practice Exam

Which medication is primarily used in the management of severe allergic reactions?

1. Hydrocortisone

2. Epinephrine

3. Diphenhydramine

4. Aspirin

The correct answer is: Epinephrine

Epinephrine is the medication primarily used in the management of severe allergic reactions, particularly anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening condition that can occur after exposure to allergens such as certain foods, insect stings, medications, or latex. The rapid administration of epinephrine works by causing vasoconstriction, which increases blood pressure, and bronchodilation, which alleviates respiratory distress. It helps to counteract the severe effects of an allergic reaction, providing immediate relief. While hydrocortisone is an anti-inflammatory medication that can be beneficial in the long-term management of allergies and in treating severe allergic reactions, it does not act quickly enough to counteract the acute symptoms of anaphylaxis. Diphenhydramine, an antihistamine, can help relieve mild allergic symptoms but is not effective in treating severe reactions that require immediate intervention. Aspirin is primarily used for pain relief and anti-inflammatory purposes and does not address allergic reactions. Thus, epinephrine's rapid action makes it the first-line treatment for severe allergic reactions, particularly in emergency situations.